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You are here: Home  Domain Name Law  Find Cybersquatters

For Trademark Owners:  How to Find Cybersquatters Infringing on Your Mark

by Richard Keyt

More than 33,000,000 domain names have been registered, including tens of thousands of domain names that infringe on trademarks and service marks.  If you own a trademark or service mark (whether federally registered or not), do you know if there are any domain names that infringe on your trademark?  Trademark owners have a duty to police their marks and prevent other parties from infringing on their trademarks and service marks.  

Hire a Search Firm to Monitor Mark Usage

Before a trademark owner can take action to prevent unauthorized use of a trademark, the mark owner must determine that the mark is being used improperly.  The traditional method of finding trademark infringement has been to hire a reputable trademark search firm such as Thomson & Thomson to monitor usage of a mark in commerce in the United States.  Many trademark search firms now offer fee based services that also monitor domain names for trademark infringement.

Use the Internet to Conduct Free Mark Usage Searches

Trademark owners who do not want to pay a search service to find cybersquatters can use the internet to search for infringing domain names.  Domain Surfer is the web site I use to find .com, .net and .org cybersquatters because when you search a text string, Domain Surfer will find all domain names that contain the text string.

Domain Surfer search results display a link to the web site and a "whois" record link that may indicate information about the registrant of the domain name such as the registrant's name, address, phone number, email address, date created, expiration date, and similar in formation about the administrative, billing and technical contacts.  See Who Controls Your Domain Name?

Sample Whois Search

The following is the result of a Whois search conducted on May 1, 2001, for the text string "hot tuna":

If I owned a trademark for "tuna," I would investigate each of the above websites to determine if any of the web sites is infringing on my mark.  I would also check the United States Patent & Trademark Office' Trademark Electronic Search System to determine if any of the web site owners have a federally registered trademark or service mark, which would probably prevent me from bringing a cybersquatting claim against the trademark owner.

If You Find Domain Names that are Identical or Similar to Your Mark

If you find any domain names that contain alpha-numeric strings that are identical or similar to your trademark (whether federally registered or not), you may have a claim against the cybersquatter under the Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act (ACPA) and ICANN's Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP).  Remedies under the ACPA include actual damages or statutory damages up to $100,000 per domain name and a court order that the domain name(s) be transferred to the mark owner.  The sole remedy under the UDRP is that the domain name be placed on hold or transferred to the mark owner.

Hire a Domain Name Attorney to Pursue an ACPA or UDRP Action

If you believe that somebody has registered a domain name that may infringe on your trademark or service mark, you should consult with a domain name attorney to determine if it would be prudent to file an ACPA or UDRP action to obtain the domain name and prevent the domain name registrant from future use of the domain name.  Many times a cease and desist letter from an attorney coupled with a demand to transfer the domain name is sufficient to cause a cybersquatter to transfer the domain name.  See KEYTLaw's sample cease & desist letter. If the cease and desist letter does not get the desired result, a UDRP arbitration is the quickest (40 -45 days or less) and cheapest route  to obtain the domain name.  See ICANN's Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy FAQ.  An ACPA lawsuit is more expensive and generally takes longer than a UDRP arbitration, but it is the way to go it you want money damages or other remedies such as an injunction prohibiting further infringement.  See Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act FAQ.

In conclusion, trademark and service mark owners should hire a search firm to monitor their marks and inform them of usage and possible infringement and cybersquatting.  Trademark owners who do not want to pay the annual fees for a search service, should use an internet domain name search engine such as Whois.net at least once a month to search for domain names that contain alpha-numeric strings that are identical or similar to their marks.

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This article was first published on May 1, 2001.

About the Author

Richard Keyt is a business and contracts attorney licensed to practice law in Arizona.  Rick can be reached by telephone at 602-906-4953, ext. 101, email at  rickkeyt@keytlaw.com and fax at 602-297-6890.  Rick's internet, e-commerce and domain name law web site is KEYTLaw, located at www.keytlaw.com.  Communicating with Richard Keyt via email or otherwise does not cause you to become a client or cause your communications to be confidential or subject to the attorney client privilege.

This page was last modified on July 22, 2007.

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